Restricción del volumen del suelo, efecto sobre la fotosíntesis en cacao
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El cultivo de plantas bajo condiciones de invernadero, generalmente se hace en macetas de volumen reducido, durante tiempos prolongados, lo que genera un estrés abiótico que puede afectar la capacidad fotosintética, el crecimiento y el desarrollo vegetal. Especies de interés agronómico muestran que, al ser cultivadas en un volumen de maceta pequeña, ocurre una limitación en el crecimiento radicular. El objetivo fue evaluar la regulación de tasa fotosintética (A) y el crecimiento en plántulas de cacao cultivadas en diferentes volúmenes de suelo durante 5 meses: Pequeño (P; 2 L), Mediano (M; 8 L) y Grande (G; 11 L); evaluando parámetros de intercambio gaseoso, fotoquímicos, y de crecimiento. Se obtuvo una reducción de A, fotosíntesis diurna integrada (AD) y mantenimiento de la respiración nocturna (RdN) en P, sugiriendo una posible inhibición de A por retroalimentación negativa y una alteración en el balance de carbono. La reducción en peso seco total, medidas alométricas y crecimiento sugieren una relación entre el crecimiento y el desempeño fisiológico. El tratamiento P, produjo una limitación en el crecimiento radicular, que alteró la relación fuente-sumidero, ocasionando la reducción de la respuesta fisiológica y de crecimiento. Se concluyó que, para el cacao estudiado, los volúmenes de maceta más adecuados son los G y M.
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